12 March 2020

Budget 2020 - what it means to you

Chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak delivered his first Budget speech today (Wednesday, March 11, 2020) and he ‘splashed the cash’. It was also the first - and much delayed - Budget of the Government led by Prime Minister Boris Johnson.

Indeed it was the first Budget proper since October 29, 2018. Since then there has been a March 2019 Spring Statement, a change of Prime Minister, a general election, lengthy Parliamentary debates around Brexit and two changes of Chancellor with Mr Sunak in post for less than a month.

The Budget, which was huge in terms of overall content and will be known as the ‘coronavirus Budget’, was the first of two this year. This Budget was the one delayed from last year, and then there will be one in the autumn as scheduled,

Below we highlight the Chancellor’s key 2020 Budget measures that will impact on the company car and van sector and the wider motor industry.

Company car benefit-in-kind tax

Company car benefit-in-kind tax rates already announced for the three years 2020-2021 to 2022-2023 were confirmed in the Budget.

However, in a surprise move, the Chancellor announced that rates would then be frozen for the following two financial years, 2023-2024 and 2024-2025.

Due to the transition to carbon dioxide (CO2) emission testing under the new Worldwide harmonised Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) from April 2020, the Government has adopted a twin-track approach for company car benefit-in-kind tax rates.

That sees separate rates for cars first registered before April 6, 2020 and those first registered from April 6, 2020. This approach remains in place for the two financial years, 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 before company car benefit-in-kind tax rates realign in 2022-2023. Those already announced 2022-2023 rates will now be sustained throughout the tax years 2023-2024 and 2024-2025.

Company car benefit-in-kind tax rates for cars first registered before April 6, 2020

Company car benefit-in-kind tax rates for cars first registered from April 6, 2020

For each tax year add 4% for diesel cars up to a maximum of 37%. Cars that meet the Real Driving Emissions Step 2 (RDE2) standard are exempt.

Vehicle Excise Duty rates from April 2020

Vehicle Excise Duty rates will, as usual, increase in line with the Retail Price Index from April 1, 2020.

However, the Government has announced that from April 1, 2020 and until March 31, 2025 all zero emission vehicles will be exempt from the Vehicle Excise Duty ‘expensive car supplement’. Presently all cars with a list price above £40,000 pay a £320 supplement, which increases to £325 from April 1, 2020, for five years from the second time a vehicle is taxed.

The Chancellor said that the move would incentivise the uptake of zero emission vehicles to support the phasing out of petrol and diesel model.

The Government has also published a call for evidence on Vehicle Excise Duty, which will include how it can be further used to reduce vehicle emissions.

The measure was signalled last year with the Government looking to introduce a more dynamic and granulated system which recognises smaller differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.

The call for evidence seeks views on how the Government could use Vehicle Excise Duty to further encourage the uptake of zero and ultra-low emission cars, and reduce overall emissions from road transport.

The aim of a revised system would be to eliminate the ‘cliff edges’ that currently exist between Vehicle Excise Duty bands.

The call for evidence runs until June 3, 2020. The document is available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/871749/VED_final.pdf

Vehicle Excise Duty for cars first registered from April 1, 2020

Rates for second tax payment onwards for cars registered after April 1, 2017

• Cars, excluding zero emission models, with a list price above £40,000 pay a £325 supplement for five years from the second time the vehicle is taxed.

Vehicle Excise Duty from April 1, 2020 for cars registered between March 1, 2001 and March 31, 2017

*Alternative fuel discount 2019/20 £10 all cars

**Includes cars emitting over 225 g/km registered before March 23, 2006.

Car and van fuel benefit charges and van benefit charge

The annual increase in car and van fuel benefit charges and the van benefit tax charge means that in 2020-2021 the rates are:

• Car fuel benefit charge: £24,500 (2019-2020: £24,100)
• Van benefit-in-kind tax charge: £3,490 (2019-2020: £3,430)
• Van fuel benefit charge: £666 (2019-2020: £655)

The tax charge for zero-emission vans increases in 2020-2021 to 80% from 60% of the main rate.

However, from April 2021, the Government will apply a nil rate for tax to zero-emission vans. It calculates that the measure will save businesses an estimated £433 per van in tax in 2021-2022.

Capital allowances

2021, the Government is to extend for four years the 100% first year allowances to zero emission vehicles only and apply the main rate writing down allowance of 18% to cars with emissions up to 50g/km.

The special rate writing down allowance of 6% will apply to higher polluting cars with emissions above 50g/km.

Presently companies can write down the full cost of vehicles with emissions up to 50g/km against their taxable profits; the 18% rate applies to cars with emissions of 51-110g/km; and the 6% rate to cars with emissions of more than 110g/km.

The new 50g/km threshold will also apply for determining the lease rental restriction for costs of hiring business cars for more than 45 consecutive days.

Fuel duty

The Government has decided to freeze fuel duty for a 10th year in a row, despite speculation to the contrary.

Budget papers revealed that the move would save the average car driver £1,200 compared to the pre-2010 escalator.

However, the Chancellor warned: “Future fuel duty rates will be considered alongside measures that are needed to help meet the UK’s net zero commitment.”

The Chancellor’s decision to continue the fuel duty freeze coupled with this week’s collapse in oil prices could see the price of a litre of petrol and diesel fall to towards the £1 mark thereby significantly cutting fuel bills for fleets and consumers.

Oil prices tumbled on Monday (March 9) after a failure by Saudi Arabia and Russia to agree on cutting back oil production in the wake of falling global demand due to the deadly coronavirus. As a result, Saudi Arabia said it would flood the market with oil.

Drivers are likely to be amongst the biggest beneficiaries with speculation rife that the massive 22% drop in the international price of crude oil will, over the coming weeks, feed through to produce remarkably lower prices on fuel forecourts.

RAC fuel spokesman Simon Williams said: “The last time we saw the wholesale price of petrol this low was in March 2016 which led to an average price of 106p a litre two weeks later. That’s nearly 17p a litre below the current average of 122.85p. The diesel wholesale price was last this low in September 2016 which yielded a price of 113p a litre - 12.5p below its current UK average of 125.59p.

“We expect the big supermarkets who sell the lion’s share of fuel to lead the way with some swift and significant cuts in the next few days.”

Analysts at Goldman Sachs predicted that the price of crude oil could drop further from its current level of around $35 dollars a barrel to as low as $30 a barrel, a level which it said would push petrol down to £1 a litre for the first time in five years.

Plug-in Car and Van Grants

The Chancellor confirmed an extension of the Plug-In Car Grant to 2022-2023 by making available a further £403 million and also providing an additional £129.5 million to extend the Plug-In Van Grant as well as those for taxis and motorcycles for the same period of time.

The Grants had been under threat, but the Chancellor bowed to industry lobbying and said that he recognised that the “market for ultra-low emission vehicles was still small”.

Looking beyond 2022-2023, the Chancellor said that the Government was “considering the long-term future of consumer incentives to support the transition to zero emission vehicles alongside the [on going] consultation on bringing forward the phase-out date for the sale of new petrol and diesel cars and vans from 2040”.

Following the Budget Statement, the Department for Transport and the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) issued a note clarifying the extension of the Grants. However, it revealed that the existing zero-emission Plug-In car Grant of £3,500 would be cut to £3,000, while cars costing £50,000 or more would be excluded.

The change, said the Department and OLEV would “allow more drivers to benefit from making the switch for longer”. The changes come into effect immediately and, said the statement, the Government would “continue to keep the rate of grant under review”.

The Plug-In Car and Van Grants provide up to a maximum of £3,000 (previously £3,500) off the price of a zero emission car and £8,000 off the price of a plug-in van (large vans and trucks up to £20,000). The former was due to expire at the end of March, while there was previously no confirmed end date for the latter.

The Plug-In Car Grant was cut in October 2018 from £4,500 to £3,500 and plug-in hybrid vehicles were removed from the list of eligible models. The Plug-In Van Grant is available for vehicles that have CO2 emissions of less than 75g/km and can travel at least 16km (10 miles) without any CO2 emissions.

The Plug-In Car Grant was introduced in 2011 and the Plug-In Van Grant the following year.

Electric vehicle recharging infrastructure

The Government is to make £500 million available over the next five years to support the roll-out of a fast-charging network for electric vehicles, ensuring that drivers will never be further than 30 miles from a rapid charging station.

That will include a Rapid Charging Fund to help businesses with the cost of connecting fast charge points to the electricity grid. To target spending from the Fund effectively, the Office for Low Emission Vehicles will complete a comprehensive electric vehicle charging infrastructure review.

Road investment and potholes

The Chancellor announced, around £640 billion of gross capital investment by the end of 2024-2025 including the largest ever investment in English strategic roads.

That amounts to more than £27 billion to be spent up to 2025 improving England’s motorways and major A roads, while there will be additional cash for local road upgrades all designed to reduce congestion and improve journey times.

Road building projects as part of the Second Road Investment Strategy include dualling the A66 Trans-Pennine and building the Lower Thames Crossing, while there will also be many local road upgrades

Additionally, a new Pothole Fund will provide £500 million a year, which the Chancellor said would be enough funding to fill in around 50 million potholes across the country.

The increase in cash for repairing potholes meant, said the Chancellor, that the Government would spend £1.5 billion in 2020-2021 on filling in potholes and resurfacing roads.